Air Generation system of Pneumatic System
Air generation and distribution
It supplies compressed air which is clean, dry, and at
required pressure
The compressed air is produced by an air compressor
Air service unit is used to improve the quality of air
before use
Proper air preparation reduces system faults and improves
performance
Main parts in the compressed air
preparation
Air compressor
Air tank (Reservoir)
Air filter
Cooling and drying unit
Shut off valve
Piping
Air Service unit
Pressure regulator
Air lubricator
Manifold
Tubes and fittings
Pressure Gauge
Air compressor
An air compressor is used to produce compressed air for the
system with the required volume and pressure
Most pneumatic components are designed to operate at a
maximum pressure of 8–10 bar
For safe and economical operation, the recommended working
pressure is between 5–6 bar
Due to pressure losses in the air distribution system, the
compressor should supply air at about 6.5–7 bar
Air Tank (reservoir)
An air reservoir should be fitted to
Store and stabilize the compressed air.
Compensate the pressure fluctuation.
Cool the air.
Air Filter
A compressed air filter is used to remove dirt,
contaminants, and condensed water from compressed air
The compressed air enters the filter bowl through guide
slots
Liquid particles and large dust particles are separated by
centrifugal action and collect at the bottom of the filter bowl
The collected condensate must be drained before it reaches
the maximum level, otherwise it may mix again with the air
Cooling and drying unit
The air coming out of the compressor is very hot and humid
The cooling and drying unit is used to reduce the air
temperature and remove water vapor from the compressed air
The amount of Condense water formed depends on the relative humidity of air,
which is affected by temperature and weather conditions
To remove humidity, different types of air dryers are used,
and the most common method is a cooling unit that cools the air and removes
moisture at the same time
Shut off valve
It is used to open and close the compressed air supply
manually
Piping
The pipe diameter of the air distribution system should be
chosen so that the pressure loss from the air reservoir to the consuming device
does not exceed about 0.1 bar (10 k Pa).
Ring circuits are used as main lines to ensure continuous
air supply during high air consumption
Pipelines are laid in the direction of air flow with a slope
of 1–2%
Condensed water is removed from the lowest points of the
pipelines
Branch connections are taken from the top of the main line
to prevent moisture entry
Shut-off valves are used to close air lines during
maintenance or when not in use
Air service unit
The main function of the service unit
is to provide the pneumatic system
with a well cleaned, lubricated and
regulated compressed air
Pressure regulator
The purpose of the regulator is to reduce or control the
pressure in the pneumatic system
It keeps the system operating pressure secondary pressure
nearly constant, even if the line pressure primary pressure or air consumption
change
Air lubricator
Moving parts like cylinders, valves, and air motors need
lubrication to work better
Air lubricator adds oil in tiny droplets (aerosol) into the
compressed air
The air carries the oil to the tools or cylinders so they
run smoothly
Manifold (distributor)
Used to provide multiple outlets at equal pressure
Each output port has a check valve (non-return valve) to
prevent back-flow
Tubes and fittings
Different types of tubes are used to connect pneumatic
circuit.Important fittings like T connections
and cross connections help join tubes and split or change air flow
Tubes are usually made of PVC, nylon, or polyurethane for
flexibility and strength
Proper tubes and fittings prevent air leakage and ensure
smooth operation
Tubes should be cut cleanly and connected tightly to avoid
pressure loss
Pressure gauge
It used to display the actual amount of the pressure in two
main units PSI and bar
