Chapter:-1 SCADA Introduction

1.SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition 

-Basically consists of data accessing feature Basically consists of data accessing feature and controlling process remotely.and controlling process remotely.

 -Conversion of data is possible i.e. analog to Conversion of data is possible i.e. analog to digital and vice versa.digital and vice versa.

-Can communicate to any of the protocols Can communicate to any of the protocols available in market.available in market.

-Completely rely on window based operating Completely rely on window based operating systems systems

-Distance as such doesn’t hamper Distance as such doesn’t hamper SCADA operation.operation.

-SCADA is not dedicated to any one type of SCADA is not dedicated to any one type of application or industry.application or industry.

2.NEED OF SCADA
  
-Previously without SCADA an industrial process was entirely controlled by PLC, CNC , PID & micro controllers having programmed in certain languages or codes.

-These codes were either written in assembly language or relay logic without any true animation that would explain the process running.

-Thus to make the understanding process easily with the help of true animations SCADA came into existence.

3.WHAT IS SCADA?

-It works like a supervisor who supervises the entire plant area ,if needed it also controls the process as well as it converts the data segments for storing process values i.e. level , pressure , switch positions , density , temperature, messages , etc.

-From a distant place if we want to run the process i.e. starting , stopping , opening and closing of field instruments as well as logging the various values. SCADA can do for you.

-SCADA is not a 100% controller it is just a software which has to be linked with controllers. ultimately it is to be connected to PLC / PID / DCS systems which in turn are connected to field instruments.

-Hazardous areas , unhygienic places , hilly areas and sea beds where a person can’t be send regularly but process has to be watched continuously or it should be controlled then it can be done using SCADA.  

4.FEATURES OF SCADA

-Dynamic representation

-Database connectivity

-Device connectivity

-Alarms

-Trends

-Scripts

-Security

-Recipe Management

-Networking

5.DYNAMIC REPRESENTATION 

-This feature explains about the representation of various symbols of field instruments which are present in tool library which can be utilized in SCADA applications.

-SCADA is not dedicated to any specific industry hence its library is so large that you can use it for any industries available.  

6.DATABASE CONNECTIVITY 

-This feature explains about the representation of various symbols of field instruments which are present in tool library which can be utilized in SCADA applications.

-SCADA is not dedicated to any specific industry hence its library is so large that you can use it for any industries available.

7.DATABASE CONNECTIVITY

 -SCADA doesn’t have its own database just like Microsoft. Hence for storage it depends on databases available in the market.
-It can be connected to VB ,SQL,EXCEL or SAP.  

8.DEVICE CONNECTIVITY

-SCADA is not a 100% controller i.e. It alone can’t run process. It can be connected to any PLC or DCS.

-Hence any PLC or DCS that are available in the market by using specific driver software it can be connected

7.ALARMS

- Generally alarms are implemented by indicating lamps or Hooters in field but SCADA represents it with a format.

-In the field area alarms are generated for warnings or to keep the process between certain limits

- The format consists of date , time , status , priorities , many such elements which can be used for generation of reports.  

8.TRENDS

 -These are also called as XY plotters or Data loggers. Basically it represents the values in wave formats .It is one of the important feature of SCADA.

-It plots the value with reference to time.

-Trend is subdivided into real time and historical trends. i.e. we can see the present values of the process as well past values and can be stored and records can be maintained for the same.

9.SCRIPTS

-It is the combination of logical operators which are written in a statement.

-It is used to run the applications made or stimulate before final execution.

-Various types of scripts make project execution simpler for programmer.

10.SECURITY
-Every application has to be secured from unauthorized users by different security levels .

-In SCADA this security can be given as a whole as well as individually.

11.RECIPE MANAGEMENT

-One of the finest feature of any SCADA .

 -It explains that we can maintain various recipes of different process and implement it on the process.

-All the recipes are stored in a single server and it can be fetched by any client server from any area to run the process.

12.NETWORKING

- It explains we can share SCADA applications on LAN or Internet as well exchange of data is possible.

- Many Networking protocols are supported by SCADA software.

-SCADA can be put on networking with other peripherals and processors with various networking typologies.

13.COST ANALYSIS

 -Cost of SCADA is decided by two factors. Number of tags and packages.

-Packages are DRN and RN

 -DRN stands for development ,run time & networking.

 -RN stands for run and networking.


14.TAG NAMES & TAGT YPES 


-Every symbol used in software has to be specified name .

-The logical name given to any symbol is said to be tag name.

-Tag types defines the symbol category. It may be discrete & analog.