· Hardwired relay logic
· Dedicated card control
· PLC based automation
· DCS based automation.
· PC based automation.
Components of automation.
· Sensor (RTD, TC, Proximity switches, Flow sensors etc.)
· Transmitter and/or switch (TT, PT, FT, pH Transmitter etc.)
· Controller (PLC, DCS etc.)
· Actuators (Contactor, Relay, VFD, I/P Converter etc.)
· Final Control Elements (Motors, Heaters, Control Valves, conveyors etc.)
· Human Machine Interface (HMI)
· Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
· Panels, wiring and cabling
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